Improvement in compositions for pencils



E. P. CLARK, OF HOLYOKE, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN COMPOSITIONS FOR PENCILS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 2 1,195, dated May 31, 1859.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, E. P. CLARK, of Holyoke, in the county of Hampden' and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new Composition for Pencils for Indelibly Marking on Linen and other Clothing and other Articles; and I do hereby declare that the following is afull, clear, and exact description of the component parts and manner of compounding the same, and of the manufacture of the same into pencils and method of using such pencils.

The component parts of the composition are nitrate of silver, nitric acid, glue, lamp-black, and sugar. The proportions which I generally employ of said ingredients are as follows: nitrate'of silver, half an ounce; nitric acid, six to ten drops; glue, one ounce; lamp-black, half an ounce; brown sugar, one dram, (one-eighth of an ounce.)

The glue, which should preferably be of the finest kind, is to be dissolved in about one and one-half (1%) ounce of distilled or clear rain-water in a common glue-pot or other vessel heated by a water bath; and While it is hot first the lamp-black and then the sugar are added, stirring till the former is incorporated with the glue before adding the latter, and afterward stirring again till the latter is dissolved and incorporated. The nitrate of silver is to be dissolved separately in the smallest possible quantity of distilled or clear rain-water, of which, by the addition of the nitric acid added to the solution, from half (5) an ounce to five (5) drams will be rendered sufficient. The compound of glue,lamp-black, and sugar is then put into an earthen or glass dish and allowed to cool for a few moments, but is-.kept stirred and not permitted to set, and the nitrate "solution'cont-aining the nitric acid is poured into it, and when the whole mass'has been well stirred together it is spread of a thickness of about from one-sixteenth to one-eighth of an inch upon a sheet or sheets of writing-paper or other smooth, strong, thin paper in such manner as to leave a clean margin all round the paper; and after it has set it is covered with clean paper of the same kind. The spread sheet or sheets, with the adhere to the composition. Pressure by the hands between two fiat boards will be suflicient. The sheets of paper-covered composition thus produced may then be laid to dry for about twenty-four hours and again pressed to a thickness of from one-twentieth to onesixteenth (1%,) of an inch, after which they may be out, like leather, by a pair of scissors or by a sharp knife into small strips, which I call leads, like pencil-leads, which should be covered with sealing-wax or any other substance or composition that will give them the form of small lead-pencils, and the necessary stiffness to be held in a porte-crayon and cut to a point by a penknife, and used like such pencils. The covering may be effected by placing the strips in' molds and pouring or pressing the covering substance or composition round them, orin any other way that is used for covering pencils and crayons.

To use these pencils the part of the cloth or fabric to be marked must be moistened,

and it is preferable that the moistening agent should be a solution of carbonate of soda or other alkali, though pure water would serve the purpose. The name or other inscription can be madewith one of these pencils on the moistened surface, like writing on paper with a common pencil, and should be exposed to the sun for a short time and pressed with a hot flat-iron, when it will be perfectly indelible.

.In this composition the nitrate of silver, the

lamp-black, glue, and sugar constitute a soluble body to contain the nitrate of silver, the glue giving the requisite cohesive property and hardness, the lamp-black givingit a body and rendering the inscription at once visible, and the sugar giving it the requisite solubility in contact with the moistened surface and preventing the composition hardening to too great a degree to be easily cut. The addition of nitric acid to the nitrate-of-silver solution produces a strong affinity between the pencil and the moistened surface, especially if an alkaline solution be used to moisten the cloth.

These pencils will last any length of time and are always ready for use,in which respect they are superior to marking-inks, which are liable to dry up and become useless without great care.

I do not claim the use of nitrate of silver for marking linen, as I am aware that it is the principal ingredient in most inks for such purposes; but I am not aware that it has been used in combination with the other substances herein specified to make pencils for the same purpose; and therefore What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

The composition for pencils for indelible Writing, made by combining nitrate of silver with the several other ingredients herein specified, substantially in the manner and in about the proportions herein set forth.

E. P. CLARK.

Witnesses:

ATUGTER M. TUTTLE, J. A. PIERCE.

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